The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is an individual electronic document that represents a collation of all data regarding a specific athlete that is useful in establishing whether that individual has doped. The ABP Operating Guidelines were approved by WADAs Executive Committee and took effect on December 1, 2009. The fundamental principle of the ABP is based on the monitoring over time of selected biomarkers which can reveal either the effects of doping or a pathology. Because fair-play and athletes\' health protection are fundamental in any anti-doping program, the benefits of adopting the ABP concept are far-reaching. More and more International Federationsn and Anti-doping organizations are integrating the Athlete Biological Passport into the larger framework of a robust anti-doping program in order to: Identify and target athletes for specific analytical testing by intelligent and timely interpretation of passport data; and Pursue possible anti-doping rule violations based on an abnormal passport, in accordance with Article 2.2: Use or attempted use by an athlete of a prohibited substance or a prohibited method of the World Anti-Doping Code (Code) As the international independent organization responsible for coordinating and monitoring the global fight against doping in sport, WADA has taken the lead in the development of the Athlete Biological Passport concept. The concept of an Athlete Passport has been discussed by WADA since 2002. It gained further momentum as a result of questions raised by WADA during the 2006 Olympic Winter Games surrounding \"no start\" suspensions of athletes by their federations following health checks that reported high haemoglobin levels. Some concerns were expressed at the time regarding the results and their potential relation to doping. Cognizant of the varying approaches to monitoring blood profiles among different sports, WADA convened a meeting to foster exchange of information and to develop a consensus on the topic. The participants, representing International Federations, agreed that the analysis of blood variables should be considered as part of the anti-doping process itself as it can help to identify abnormal profiles, and that WADA should take the lead in convening further meetings of relevant experts in the field of haematology. The group, through a series of meetings, came to the consensus that the longitudinal analysis of athlete blood variables should be registered in a database, and should be used in target testing and sanctioning when abnormal values are observed. According to Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES) who has implemented the Athlete Biological Passport, a full blood count can be taken on the samples with the following markers being considered for the blood profiling: HCT: Hematocrit HGB: Hemoglobin RBC: Red blood cells count RET%: The percentage of reticulocyte RET#: Reticulocytes count MCV: Mean corpuscular volume MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration OFF-hr Score: Index of stimulation Blood profile score (Source: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES))